Introduction to the Eyes

Every question here, with the answer

1. A client arrives in the emergency department with sudden eye pain, a severe headache and blurred vision. Which condition should the nurse suspect?

   1. Closed-angle glaucoma
   2. Presbyopia
   3. Open-angle glaucoma
   4. Dry macular degeneration

   Answer: Closed-angle glaucoma

   Closed-angle glaucoma causes a sudden rise in IOP, with symptoms such as sudden headache, eye pain and blurred vision, and can cause blindness with little warning. Open-angle glaucoma often has no early symptoms, and presbyopia and dry macular degeneration are gradual.

2. The nurse is teaching a client to instill glaucoma eye drops. What should the client do right after instilling the drop to prevent systemic absorption?

   1. Rub the eye gently to spread the medication.
   2. Rinse the dropper with tap water.
   3. Blink rapidly for one minute.
   4. Press gently on the inner corner of the eye near the nose for 30–60 seconds.

   Answer: Press gently on the inner corner of the eye near the nose for 30–60 seconds.

   Gentle pressure at the inner corner of the eye for 30–60 seconds prevents systemic absorption. Clients should not rub their eyes after administration or rinse the eyedropper.

3. A client is prescribed an eye drop and an eye ointment for the same eye. Which instruction is correct?

   1. Apply the ointment first, then the drops immediately.
   2. Mix the drops into the ointment before applying.
   3. Instill the drops first, then wait 5–10 minutes before the ointment.
   4. Apply both at the same moment.

   Answer: Instill the drops first, then wait 5–10 minutes before the ointment.

   Drops must be instilled first, followed by a 5–10 minute wait before the ointment. In reverse order the ointment may be washed away and be ineffective.

4. A nurse is teaching a client how to use eye drops at home. Which statements by the client show correct understanding? Select all that apply.

   1. "I will check the expiration date before using the drops."
   2. "I will rinse the dropper after each use."
   3. "I will wait at least 5 minutes before using a different eye drop."
   4. "I will not let the dropper touch my eye."
   5. "I can use the drops if they have changed color."

   Answer: "I will check the expiration date before using the drops.", "I will wait at least 5 minutes before using a different eye drop.", "I will not let the dropper touch my eye."

   Clients should check the expiration date, keep the dropper from touching the eye or any surface, and wait at least 5 minutes between different eye drugs. They should not rinse the eyedropper or use drops that have changed color.

5. During glaucoma screening, a client is very anxious about the tonometer touching the eye. How can this affect the result?

   1. Anxiety has no effect on IOP readings.
   2. Anxiety causes the cornea to become thinner.
   3. Anxiety can artificially increase the IOP reading.
   4. Anxiety makes the IOP reading falsely low.

   Answer: Anxiety can artificially increase the IOP reading.

   A client's anxiety can artificially increase an IOP reading, so the nurse acknowledges the worry and explains that a numbing drop is used. The other options are not supported by the section.

6. Which clients have a higher risk for glaucoma? Select all that apply.

   1. A client taking medication known to increase eye pressure
   2. A client with chronic eye inflammation
   3. A 55-year-old client
   4. A 25-year-old client with myopia and no other risk factors
   5. A client with thinner corneas

   Answer: A client taking medication known to increase eye pressure, A client with chronic eye inflammation, A 55-year-old client, A client with thinner corneas

   Higher risk includes clients older than 40, those with thinner corneas, chronic eye inflammation, or medications that increase eye pressure. A young client with only myopia has none of these listed risk factors.