Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

Every question here, with the answer

1. A nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a patient who has difficulty understanding written health information. Which nursing action best supports health literacy?

   1. Avoid written instructions because patients with low health literacy cannot use them effectively.
   2. Use plain language, focus on a few key tasks, and ask the patient to explain the instructions back.
   3. Provide all teaching at once so the patient receives complete information before discharge.
   4. Give the patient several detailed pamphlets and ask them to read them at home.

   Answer: Use plain language, focus on a few key tasks, and ask the patient to explain the instructions back.

   Health literacy support includes clear, accessible information, limiting the visit to key points, and checking understanding with teach-back. The other options either overload the patient, assume written information is not useful, or fail to assess comprehension.

2. A community health nurse is planning primary prevention activities for adults who do not currently have the target conditions. Which interventions fit primary prevention? Select all that apply.

   1. Check body mass index at wellness visits to identify weight changes.
   2. Teach healthy eating before disease develops.
   3. Implement vaccination programs.
   4. Encourage regular exercise.
   5. Help a patient who is obese lose weight to prevent more severe consequences.

   Answer: Teach healthy eating before disease develops., Implement vaccination programs., Encourage regular exercise.

   Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or a health condition before it occurs, such as exercise, healthy diet, and vaccination programs. Checking BMI to identify changes is secondary prevention, and helping a patient already affected manage consequences is tertiary prevention.

3. A city council asks a nurse which proposal best reflects the Healthy Cities strategy. Which recommendation should the nurse support?

   1. Create a campaign that addresses health behaviors without changing the local environment.
   2. Limit health promotion to individual counseling in primary care clinics.
   3. Build pedestrian and cycling infrastructure and improve access to nutritious, affordable food.
   4. Focus only on hospital-based treatment programs for residents with chronic disease.

   Answer: Build pedestrian and cycling infrastructure and improve access to nutritious, affordable food.

   Healthy Cities focuses on environments that support health, including physical activity, healthy food, clean air and water, and safe housing. The other options are narrower and do not emphasize supportive community environments.

4. A patient asks which illness risk factors they may be able to change. Which factors should the nurse identify as modifiable lifestyle factors? Select all that apply.

   1. Tobacco use
   2. Alcohol consumption
   3. Diet
   4. Activity level
   5. Family history

   Answer: Tobacco use, Alcohol consumption, Diet, Activity level

   Lifestyle factors are modifiable behaviors and habits, including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, diet, and activity level. Family history is an inherent factor and is not modifiable.

5. A patient who had a stroke is referred for physical therapy to improve functioning and prevent further disability. Which level of prevention is this intervention?

   1. Secondary prevention
   2. Governance for health
   3. Primary prevention
   4. Tertiary prevention

   Answer: Tertiary prevention

   Tertiary prevention manages complications of an existing disease or condition to prevent disability or death. Physical therapy after a stroke is specifically listed as a tertiary prevention example.

6. A nurse is assessing a patient with a chronic illness. Which statements suggest the illness is affecting the patient’s emotions and behavior? Select all that apply.

   1. My eating habits have changed since I got sick.
   2. I feel more confident about my daily routine than before.
   3. I just cannot get motivated to do my usual activities.
   4. My sleeping pattern is different now.
   5. I have stopped going to social gatherings.

   Answer: My eating habits have changed since I got sick., I just cannot get motivated to do my usual activities., My sleeping pattern is different now., I have stopped going to social gatherings.

   Illness can lead to emotional states that affect behavior, including social withdrawal, decreased motivation, and changes in eating or sleeping habits. Feeling more confident is not described as a negative emotional or behavioral impact of illness in this section.