Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, Vaccines, and Immunizations

Every question here, with the answer

1. A nursing student's hepatitis B titer comes back below the protective level after completing the vaccine series. What does the nurse expect?

   1. The student needs passive immunity for life.
   2. The titer should be ignored because the series is complete.
   3. The student is considered immune.
   4. A booster dose of the vaccine may be recommended.

   Answer: A booster dose of the vaccine may be recommended.

   A titer negative or below the protective level means immunity may be insufficient, so a booster may be recommended. A positive titer, not a low one, indicates immunity, and the other options are not supported by the section.

2. A new mother asks why her breastfed infant is protected from some infections before receiving all vaccines. Which response is accurate?

   1. Breast milk makes the infant produce memory B cells.
   2. Antibodies passed through breast milk give temporary natural passive immunity.
   3. Breastfeeding gives lifelong immunity.
   4. The infant has artificially acquired active immunity.

   Answer: Antibodies passed through breast milk give temporary natural passive immunity.

   Antibodies passed through the placenta or breast milk give natural passive immunity, which is temporary and does not create memory B cells. Artificially acquired active immunity comes from vaccination.

3. A client asks why the injectable polio vaccine requires several doses. Which explanation is correct?

   1. It gives only passive immunity.
   2. Inactivated vaccines often need multiple doses or boosters to build and maintain immunity.
   3. It contains mRNA that fades quickly.
   4. It is a live vaccine that can cause polio if given once.

   Answer: Inactivated vaccines often need multiple doses or boosters to build and maintain immunity.

   The injectable polio vaccine is an inactivated vaccine, and inactivated vaccines often require multiple doses or boosters. It is not live, not mRNA, and it produces active, not passive, immunity.

4. Before giving a vaccine, which actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.

   1. Keep multi-dose vials in the immediate client treatment area.
   2. Draw up the vaccine next to the area for contaminated items.
   3. Confirm informed consent from the client or legal guardian.
   4. Verify storage temperature and expiration date.
   5. Review the medical history and immunization record for allergies.

   Answer: Confirm informed consent from the client or legal guardian., Verify storage temperature and expiration date., Review the medical history and immunization record for allergies.

   The nurse reviews history and records for contraindications, confirms informed consent and checks storage and expiration. Vaccines are drawn up in a clean area not next to contaminated items, and multi-dose vials are not kept in the immediate treatment area.

5. A client asks which reactions after a vaccine should be reported to the health care provider. Which reactions should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

   1. Swelling at the injection site
   2. Fever
   3. Hair loss
   4. Urticaria
   5. Convulsions

   Answer: Swelling at the injection site, Fever, Urticaria, Convulsions

   The client should report local reactions such as swelling, systemic reactions such as fever, anaphylactic reactions such as urticaria and CNS reactions such as convulsions. Hair loss is not listed as a vaccine reaction in the section.

6. Which finding in a client's history is a contraindication to giving a vaccine?

   1. Previous hypersensitivity to a component of the vaccine
   2. Planned international travel
   3. Age over 50 years
   4. Mild tenderness after a previous vaccine

   Answer: Previous hypersensitivity to a component of the vaccine

   Contraindications to vaccines include hypersensitivity to the vaccine or any of its constituents. Travel is a reason to update vaccines, mild tenderness is a common local reaction, and age alone is not listed as a contraindication.