Health Risks for Each Stage

Every question here, with the answer

1. A 36-year-old pregnant patient at the first prenatal visit asks why the clinic considers her pregnancy higher risk. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

   1. "Because you are over age 35, we will monitor for complications such as early pregnancy loss, chromosomal abnormalities, and gestational diabetes."
   2. "Your age does not affect pregnancy risk unless you also have HIV or kidney disease."
   3. "Because you are over age 35, the main concern is that you are less likely to receive prenatal care."
   4. "Advanced age primarily increases the risk for untreated STIs, so infection screening is the only added concern."

   Answer: "Because you are over age 35, we will monitor for complications such as early pregnancy loss, chromosomal abnormalities, and gestational diabetes."

   Pregnancy in a person over age 35 is considered advanced age and is associated with increased risk for specific complications. The other options confuse risks listed for younger pregnant persons, minimize the role of age, or narrow the risk in a way the section does not support.

2. A nurse is providing nutrition teaching to a pregnant patient who is in the second trimester and plans to breastfeed. Which teaching points are supported by the section? Select all that apply.

   1. Inadequate maternal nutrition can contribute to low birth weight, developmental delays, and stillbirth.
   2. Insufficient iodine, iron, folate, calcium, and zinc can contribute to serious maternal complications.
   3. Include diets high in fruits and vegetables, dairy, and protein during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
   4. From the second trimester until breastfeeding is complete, about 300 extra calories per day are needed.
   5. Avoid folate and iron during pregnancy unless anemia is already present.

   Answer: Inadequate maternal nutrition can contribute to low birth weight, developmental delays, and stillbirth., Insufficient iodine, iron, folate, calcium, and zinc can contribute to serious maternal complications., Include diets high in fruits and vegetables, dairy, and protein during pregnancy and breastfeeding., From the second trimester until breastfeeding is complete, about 300 extra calories per day are needed.

   The section emphasizes increased nutritional needs during pregnancy and breastfeeding, including food quality, extra calories, and key nutrients. Avoiding folate and iron is incorrect because insufficient intake of these nutrients is specifically linked to maternal risks.

3. A 10-day-old newborn is brought to the clinic with poor feeding, lethargy, and temperature instability. Which action should the nurse anticipate?

   1. A full septic workup, including blood, urine, and cerebral spinal fluid cultures
   2. Reassurance that these findings are expected during the first month
   3. Giving an antipyretic at home to prevent masking symptoms in the clinic
   4. Delaying evaluation unless symptoms continue beyond 48 hours

   Answer: A full septic workup, including blood, urine, and cerebral spinal fluid cultures

   Poor feeding, lethargy, and temperature instability are listed as common symptoms of neonatal sepsis, and an ill-appearing neonate needs a full septic workup. Reassurance, delaying care, or using an antipyretic to mask fever conflicts with the section’s safety guidance.

4. A parent reports that a 5-week-old infant cries for long periods, but the infant eats well and is gaining weight normally. The provider finds no acute medical problem and diagnoses colic. Which nursing guidance is most appropriate?

   1. Advise the parent to stop responding to crying so the infant learns to self-soothe.
   2. Try comfort measures such as swaddling or holding the baby, and avoid any trigger the parent can identify.
   3. Explain that colic usually requires hospitalization for several weeks to determine the cause.
   4. Tell the parent that normal weight gain rules out colic and suggests failure to thrive.

   Answer: Try comfort measures such as swaddling or holding the baby, and avoid any trigger the parent can identify.

   For colic without an identifiable medical reason, care focuses on comfort measures and avoiding known triggers. The infant’s normal feeding and weight gain fit colic, while hospitalization for several weeks relates to some cases of failure to thrive, not routine colic management.

5. An infant is being evaluated for inadequate weight gain and possible failure to thrive. Which nursing actions or referrals are consistent with the section? Select all that apply.

   1. Consider a social work consult to evaluate the home environment and parent-child interactions.
   2. Ask the caregiver to provide a five-day diet food journal.
   3. Avoid assessing the home environment because failure to thrive is always caused by a medical condition.
   4. Assess for food allergies or food restrictions placed on the child.
   5. Support a multidisciplinary approach that may include nurses, dietitians, feeding specialists, and social workers or mental health professionals.

   Answer: Consider a social work consult to evaluate the home environment and parent-child interactions., Ask the caregiver to provide a five-day diet food journal., Assess for food allergies or food restrictions placed on the child., Support a multidisciplinary approach that may include nurses, dietitians, feeding specialists, and social workers or mental health professionals.

   Failure to thrive evaluation includes diet history, possible food allergies or restrictions, home environment, and parent-child interactions. It may be organic, nonorganic, or multifactorial, so excluding the home environment is inappropriate.

6. A nurse is teaching new parents how to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Which instructions should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

   1. Use a firm mattress with one fitted sheet.
   2. Place the infant on the back to sleep.
   3. Keep stuffed animals, pillows, and blankets out of the crib.
   4. Use loose blankets so the infant does not become cold during sleep.
   5. Avoid overheating during sleep.

   Answer: Use a firm mattress with one fitted sheet., Place the infant on the back to sleep., Keep stuffed animals, pillows, and blankets out of the crib., Avoid overheating during sleep.

   The section identifies safe sleep as the primary prevention technique: back sleeping, a firm mattress, one fitted sheet, and no stuffed animals, pillows, or blankets. Loose blankets and overheating are risk factors, not prevention strategies.