Foundations for Providing Person-Centered Care

Every question here, with the answer

1. A nurse is caring for a postoperative patient who reports severe pain and says they are afraid to come back to this facility because their pain has not been managed. Which nursing action best reflects person-centered care?

   1. Tell the patient that pain is expected after surgery and continue with routine care.
   2. Address the patient’s pain management promptly and include the patient’s experience in the plan of care.
   3. Focus first on discharge teaching because the patient’s pain will improve after leaving the facility.
   4. Reassure the patient that the facility is clean and safe before discussing pain.

   Answer: Address the patient’s pain management promptly and include the patient’s experience in the plan of care.

   Pain management is identified as an important physical consideration in person-centered care. Unmanaged pain can negatively affect the patient’s overall experience as well as safety, security, and emotional well-being.

2. A nurse is collaborating with a patient to develop a person-centered care plan. Which elements should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

   1. An understanding of the patient’s comprehensive needs
   2. Well-being considerations for the patient
   3. The patient’s goals, values, and preferences
   4. A standardized plan based only on the diagnosis
   5. Informed decision-making about treatment options

   Answer: An understanding of the patient’s comprehensive needs, Well-being considerations for the patient, The patient’s goals, values, and preferences, Informed decision-making about treatment options

   Person-centered care includes the patient’s goals, values, preferences, well-being, and comprehensive needs. A standardized plan based only on the diagnosis does not reflect the shared, individualized approach described in the section.

3. A patient has several needs during an assessment: shortness of breath, anxiety about being hospitalized, concern about missing family, and questions about personal goals after discharge. Using Maslow’s hierarchy, which need should the nurse address first?

   1. Shortness of breath
   2. Anxiety about being hospitalized
   3. Questions about personal goals after discharge
   4. Concern about missing family

   Answer: Shortness of breath

   Maslow’s hierarchy prioritizes physiological needs first because they must be met at least minimally to sustain life. Shortness of breath is linked in the section to decreased oxygenation, making it the priority over social, emotional, or self-actualization needs.

4. A patient tells the nurse, “I do not belong to an organized religion, but my spirituality is important to me.” Which nursing actions are appropriate? Select all that apply.

   1. Identify and seek to understand the patient’s spiritual needs
   2. Document that the patient has no spiritual needs because there is no religious affiliation
   3. Involve appropriate healthcare or spiritual professionals as needed
   4. Evaluate whether the patient’s spiritual care needs are being met
   5. Assist the patient in developing the care plan

   Answer: Identify and seek to understand the patient’s spiritual needs, Involve appropriate healthcare or spiritual professionals as needed, Evaluate whether the patient’s spiritual care needs are being met, Assist the patient in developing the care plan

   Spiritual care is not limited to organized religion, and nurses should assess and support what the patient considers spiritual. Assuming the patient has no spiritual needs because they do not report religious affiliation is not consistent with person-centered care.

5. A patient scheduled for an MRI tells the nurse they are claustrophobic and afraid they will not be able to stay still during the scan. What is the nurse’s best response?

   1. Address the patient’s fears before the test and work with the patient to find a solution.
   2. Tell the patient the scan cannot be completed unless they remain completely still.
   3. Explain that emotional concerns are secondary and should be discussed after the MRI.
   4. Wait until the patient is in the scanner to see whether the fear becomes a problem.

   Answer: Address the patient’s fears before the test and work with the patient to find a solution.

   The section states that emotional needs should be addressed early in the care process. A patient who is fearful or claustrophobic may have difficulty completing an MRI, so discussing fears beforehand supports person-centered care.

6. A patient says, “My best friend is my family. I do not want my siblings to know about my prognosis.” Which nursing actions support person-centered care? Select all that apply.

   1. Respect the patient’s decision about who receives private health information
   2. Avoid pushing the patient to seek opinions from family members they do not trust
   3. Assume family involvement is always required for healthcare decisions
   4. Tell the siblings because blood relatives should be informed first
   5. Include the patient’s chosen support person when the patient gives permission

   Answer: Respect the patient’s decision about who receives private health information, Avoid pushing the patient to seek opinions from family members they do not trust, Include the patient’s chosen support person when the patient gives permission

   The nurse should respect the patient’s preferences about family involvement and privacy. The section notes that family may mean different things to different people and that private information should not be shared without permission.